some short and selected math problems of different levels in random order I try to keep the ans simple
We know $2n+1$ is odd so it is square of an odd number say $(2k+1)^2$
So $2n+1 = (2k+1)^2 = 4k^2 + 4k +1$
or $2n= 4k^2+ 4k$
or $n = 2k^2 + 2k$
or $n + 1= 2k^2+2k + 1 = k^2+(k^2+2k+1) = k^2+(k+1)^2$
Proved
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