If p can be expressed as sum of 2 squares as below
$p = x^2+y^2$
We know $2= 1^2 + 1^2$
Now using the identity
$(a^2+b^2)(x^2 + y^2) = (ax+by)^2 + (bx-ay)^2$ (we can expand and see the result
We get $2p = (x+y)^2+ (x-y)^2$
Further $5 = 2^2 + 1^2$
So we get $5p = (2x+y)^2 + (x-2y)^2$
But 19 is of the form 4n + 3 and it cannot be expressed as sum of 2 squares so 19p cannot be expressed as sum of 2 squares
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