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Friday, April 30, 2021

2021/027) Show that for all real numbers x,\,y,\,z such that x+y+z=0 and xy+yz+zx=-3, the expression x^3y+y^3z+z^3x is a constant.

We have (given)

x+y+z=0 \cdots(1)

xy+yz+zx=-3\cdots(2)

From (1)

(x+y+z)^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2(xy +yz + zx) = 0

or x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2(-3) = 0

or x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 6\cdots(3)

Further from (1)

x+y = -z\cdots(4)

y+z = -x\cdots(5)

z+x = -y\cdots(6)


Now let us prove that

x^3y+ y^3 z + z^3 x = xy^3 + yz^3 + zx^3\cdots(7)


to prove the same

x^3y+ y^3 z + z^3 x - (xy^3 + yz^3 + zx^3)

= (x^3y - xy^3) + (y^3z - yz^3) + (z^3 x - zx^3)

= xy(x^2 - y^2) + yz(y^2 - z^2) + zx(z^2 - x^2)

=xy(x+y)(x-y) + yz(y+z)( y-z) + zx(z+x)(z-x)

=xy(-z)(x-y) + yz(-x) (y-z) + xz(-y) (z-x) using (4), (5), (6)

= - xyz(x-y) - xyz(y-z) - xyz(z-x)

= 0



so (7) is true


Now (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)(xy + yz + zx) = 6 * (-3) putting values  from above

Or x^3y + x^2yz + zx^3 + xy^3 + y^3 z + y^2zx + z^2yx + yz^3 + z^3 x = 18

or (x^3y + y^3 z + z^3x) + (xy^3 + yz^3 + zx^3 ) + (x^2yz + xy^2z + xyz^2) = - 18

or  (x^3y + y^3 z + z^3x) + (x^3y + y^3z + z^3x ) + (x^2yz + xy^2z + xyz^2) = - 18 (from (7)

or  2(x^3y + y^3 z + z^3x) + xyz(x+y+z) = - 18

or 2(x^3y + y^3 z + z^3x) + xyz. 0 = - 18 from (1)

or 2(x^3y + y^3 z + z^3x)=  - 18 from (1)

or (x^3y + y^3 z + z^3x)  = - 9


Which is a constant


Hence proved


 

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